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ارزیابی تأثیرپذیری کوتاهمدّت مؤلفههای فیزیکی و هیدرولیکی خاک از زغال زیستی | |||
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک | |||
دوره 12، شماره 1، خرداد 1403، صفحه 68-82 اصل مقاله (841.38 K) | |||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | |||
نویسندگان | |||
زهرا محمدخانی1؛ کامران زینال زاده* 2؛ حسین خیرفام3 | |||
1دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. | |||
2گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | |||
3استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران. | |||
چکیده | |||
اخیراً استفاده از افزودنیهای زیستی بهویژه زغال زیستی برای مدیریت و بهبود رفتار آب در خاک اراضی کشاورزی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هرچند اثرگذاری زغال زیستی در دراز مدت یکی از چالشها در این راستا میباشد. هدف از این پژوهش سنجش تغییرات مؤلفههای فیزیکی و هیدرولیکی خاک از کاربرد زغال زیستی در بازه زمانی کوتاه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و در مقیاس سینیهای کوچک پرشده از یک خاک دستخورده کشاورزی بود. بدین منظور، نمونههای حجمی از اراضی کشاورزی مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ارومیه تهیه گردیدند و پس از انتقال به داخل سینیهای کوچک تحت تیمارهای بدون اعمال زغال زیستی (شاهد) و افزودن زغال زیستی (76/4 درصد وزنی خاک) منتقل شدند. پس از گذشت 40 روز، اقدام به اندازهگیری برخی مؤلفههای فیزیکی و هیدرولیکی خاک شد. نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر جرم ویژه ظاهری، تخلخل، میانگین وزنی و هندسی قطر ذرات، ابعاد شکافها، منافذ انتقال، منافذ ذخیرهسازی و منافذ باقیمانده خاک بهعنوان مؤلفههای فیزیکی خاک تغییر معنیداری با کاربرد زغال زیستی نداشتند (05/0p>). زغال زیستی تأثیر معنیداری روی مؤلفههای منحنی رطوبت خاک (از پتانسیل دو تا 15000 سانتیمتر)، نقاط پتانسیلی مهم منحنی رطوبتی خاک شامل درصد رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی، درصد رطوبت نقطه پژمردگی دائم و درصد رطوبت دردسترس و همچنین ضرایب معادله ونگنوختن برای تخمین مؤلفههای منحنی رطوبتی خاک نداشت (05/0p>). هرچند یافتهها نشان داد که نقش زغال زیستی در کاهش هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع اندازهگیریشده با روش بار ثابت (از 33/1±13/35 به 26/3±43/21 سانتیمتر در روز) معنیدار (05/0p>) و بهمقدار 39 درصد بود. بر اساس یافتههای تحقیق حاضر، کاربرد زغال زیستی تأثیر معنیداری روی ویژگیهای فیزیکی و رفتار هیدرولیکی خاک در بازه زمانی کوتاهمدّت نداشت. | |||
کلیدواژهها | |||
اصلاح کننده خاک؛ حرکت آب در خاک؛ منحنی رطوبتی خاک؛ هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع | |||
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