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تأثیر مالچ آلی آفتابگردان بر خصوصیات هیدرولیکی و مکانیکی خاک در انرژیهای تراکمی مختلف | ||
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک | ||
مقاله 1، دوره 8، شماره 3، آذر 1399، صفحه 27-39 اصل مقاله (560.89 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
نورعلی حقدوست1؛ وحید رضاوردی نژاد* 2؛ مجید منتصری1 | ||
1گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
2دانشگاه ارومیه، گروه مهندسی آب | ||
چکیده | ||
مالچهای آلی باعث بهبود خصوصیات هیدرولیکی و مکانیکی خاکهای زراعی شده و از مهمترین اقدامات خاکورزی محسوب میشوند. در این پژوهش، تأثیر بقایای پته آفتابگردان بر خواص مکانیکی، هیدرولیکی و فیزیکی خاک در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی بررسی شد. آزمایشها بهصورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی، در سه سطح مالچ 0، 10 و 20 تن در هکتار، سه سطح انرژی تراکمی 41/121، 83/242 و 25/364 کیلوژول بر مترمکعب و در سه تکرار توسط دستگاه تست تراکم به روش پراکتور انجام شد. مطابق نتایج در انرژی تراکمی 41/121 کیلوژول بر مترمکعب، چگالی ظاهری خاک خشک حاوی 10 و 20 تن مالچ در هکتار نسبت به خاک بدون مالچ، بهترتیب 85/2 و 1/5 درصد کاهش یافت. هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع خاک نیز بهترتیب 794 و 905 درصد، ظرفیت زراعی 29/5 و 01/7 درصد و رطوبت پژمردگی دائم نیز 34/2 و 27/10 درصد افزایش یافتند. علاوه بر این، در انرژی تراکمی 25/364 کیلوژول بر مترمکعب، نتایج مشابهی مشاهده شد. بهطوریکه در خاک حاوی 10 و 20 تن مالچ در هکتار نسبت به خاک بدون مالچ، چگالی ظاهری خشک بهترتیب 87/1 و 48/4 درصد کاهش و هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع بهترتیب 200 و 300 درصد، ظرفیت زراعی 79/2 و 31/7 درصد و نقطه پژمردگی دائم نیز 56/7 و 43/14 درصد افزایش داشتند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که مالچ پته آفتابگردان، خصوصیات هیدرولیکی و مکانیکی خاک را در انرژیهای تراکمی مختلف بهبود میبخشد و با افزایش انرژی تراکمی، مقادیر بهبود این خصوصیات، کاهش مییابند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
جرم مخصوص ظاهری؛ مالچ آلی پته آفتابگردان؛ هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع | ||
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