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پیامد کاربرد کود اوره فسفات بر وضعیت عناصر غذایی و عملکرد کمی و کیفی نیشکر | ||
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک | ||
دوره 11، شماره 2، شهریور 1402، صفحه 13-27 اصل مقاله (1.6 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
علی محوحی* ؛ حسنعلی خاتین زاده؛ منصور نوری؛ داریوش نیکفر | ||
تحقیقات کشاورزی، کشت و صنعت کارون، شوشتر، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
اغلب خاکهای مزارع تحت کشت نیشکر در استان خوزستان آهکی هستند و ماده آلی کمی دارند. فراهمی عناصر غذایی از جمله فسفر و همچنین کارایی مصرف کود فسفر در این خاکها کم میباشد. در خاکهای آهکی، بخش قابل توجهی از کودهای فسفره، بعد از ورود به خاک به حالت نامحلول تبدیل شده و از دسترس گیاهان خارج میشوند. هدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی کاربرد کودهای فسفره، بر پایه محلول اسیدی آنها، بهمنظور بررسی وضعیت عناصر غذایی و عملکرد کمی و کیفی نیشکر میباشد. بدین منظور، در پلاتهای یکصد متر مربعی مزرعه تحت کشت نیشکر واریته CP69-1062 با سن بازروئی دوم (R2)، تیمارهای 0، 10، 20 و 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار از کود اوره فسفات اعمال گردید. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد کود فسفره در مقایسه با شاهد، بهطور معنیداری (05/0P≤) عملکرد کمی و کیفی نیشکر را افزایش داد، بهطوریکه بیشترین عملکرد نی قابل آسیاب در تیمار 20 کیلوگرم اوره فسفات (3/61 تن در هکتار با 2/18 درصد افزایش) مشاهده شد. اما در تیمار کاربرد 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره فسفات، تنها 5/10 درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد مشاهده شد. از سوی دیگر، اثر منفی غلظت بالای فسفر بر غلظت نیتروژن در برگها، بهویژه در اوایل دوره رشد نمایان بود. نسبت غلظت نیتروژن به فسفر (N:P) در برگ، صرف نظر از نوع تیمار، بهطور میانگین 9:1/6 محاسبه شد. اما نسبت غلظت نیتروژن به پتاسیم (N:K) در برگ بهطور میانگین 7:1/2 بود که با مقادیر بهینه مورد نیاز برای رشد حداکثری نیشکر فاصله داشت. بهطورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که مصرف کود اوره فسفات در خاک دارای کمبود فسفر قابل دسترس، بسته به شرایط خاک و گیاه، تا اندازهای نقش قابلتوجه در افزایش عملکرد نیشکر دارد. از سوی دیگر، برهم خوردن تعادل عناصر غذایی در اثر کمبود یا مازاد عناصر غذایی در گیاه، منجر به کاهش چشمگیر رشد و عملکرد کمی و کیفی نیشکر میشود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
خاکهای آهکی؛ تعادل عناصر غذایی؛ کودهای فسفره؛ نسبت غلظت برگی N/P و N/K | ||
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