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ارزیابی برخی صفات کمی و کیفی گندم آبی(Triticum aestivum L.) تحت تأثیر روشهای مختلف مدیریت حاصلخیزی خاک | ||
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک | ||
دوره 10، شماره 4، اسفند 1401، صفحه 76-91 اصل مقاله (719.26 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
عزیز مجیدی* 1؛ رقیه عبدالعظیمزاده2 | ||
1بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج | ||
2مدیریت هماهنگی ترویج، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی آذربایجان غربی، ارومیه، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
مصرف نامتعادل کود، یکی از مهمترین مشکلات مزارع تحت کشت گندم در کشور است. هدف این پروژه، ارزیابی تأثیر مدیریت حاصلخیزی خاک بر مبنای اصول تغذیه گیاه و مقایسه آن با روشهای مرسوم کشاورزان در گندم آبی بود. آزمایش در سه مزرعه گندم (فقیبیگلو، طالبآباد و حسنآباد) استان آذربایجان غربی در سال زراعی 94-1393 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل (1) شاهد: عرف زارع و (2) مصرف بهینه کود بودند. مدیریت تغذیه گندم در تیمار(1) بر مبنای تجربیات زارعین گندم و در تیمار(2) بر مبنای ارزیابی وضعیت حاصلخیزی خاک بر مبنای آزمون خاک و آخرین دستاوردهای علمی بود. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری از نظر عملکرد دانه بین دو تیمار وجود داشت (p<0.05). متوسط عملکرد دانه گندم در تیمارهای عرف زارع و مصرف بهینه کود به ترتیب برابر 5601 و 6667 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. با مصرف بهینه کود، میزان عملکرد دانه 96/18 درصد بهبود یافت. وزن کلش نیز با مصرف بهینه کود افزایش یافت (p<0.05). مقدار این افزایش در فقیبیگلو، طالبآباد و حسنآباد به ترتیب معادل 58/17، 30/12 و 67/7 درصد بود. بهجز فقیبیگلو، شاخص برداشت محصول با مصرف بهینه کود افزایش و این افزایش نسبت به عرف زارع در طالبآباد و حسنآباد به ترتیب 21/9 و 06/4 درصد بود. مقدار پروتئین دانه در تیمار عرف زارع برابر 79/11 درصد بدست آمد. مصرف بهینه کود میزان پروتئین دانه را بهطور معناداری (58/15 درصد) افزایش داد. در تیمار عرف زارع، نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی در دانه گندم در محدوده 45 تا 75 بود. با مصرف بهینه کود، این نسبت بهطور معناداری به کمتر از 25 (حد مطلوب) کاهش یافت. بهطورکلی، نتیجهگیری میشود که مدیریت حاصلخیزی خاک بر مبنای اصول تغذیه گیاه، سهلالوصولترین راهکار برای دستیابی به عملکردهای بهینه محصول و بهبود کیفیت دانه گندم است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تغذیه متعادل؛ شاخص برداشت؛ عملکرد دانه؛ غنیسازی دانه گندم | ||
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