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بررسی تولید رواناب تحت تأثیر درجه شیب و ویژگیهای خاک در دامنههای مرتعی بدون پوشش گیاهی در منطقه نیمهخشک | ||
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک | ||
دوره 9، شماره 4، اسفند 1400، صفحه 15-26 اصل مقاله (848.35 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
الهام زنگارکی فراهانی* 1؛ علی رضا واعظی2؛ محمد صادق عسکری3 | ||
1کارشناسی ارشد خاک شناسی. دانشگاه زنجان | ||
2استاد گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه زنجان | ||
3استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان | ||
چکیده | ||
رواناب از عوامل مهم فرساینده خاک بهویژه در اراضی شیبدار است. این مطالعه بهمنظور بررسی تولید رواناب تحت تأثیر درجه شیب و ویژگیهای خاک در دامنههای بدون پوشش گیاهی در شمال غرب ایران، استان زنجان در سال 1395-1396 انجام گرفت. به این منظور ۹ دامنه با پوشش گیاهی ضعیف و با شیبهای مختلف شامل: 6، 8، 12، 15، 17، 24، 27، 31 و 36 درصد انتخاب و در هر دامنه سه کرت به ابعاد 1 متر × 5/1 متر در اوایل پاییز 1395 احداث گردید. در مجموع تولید رواناب در 27 کرت در طی دوره یکساله مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. دامنههای با شیب تندتر، خاک با بافت سبک و سنگریزهای داشته و مقدار ماده آلی و آهک کمتری نسبت به شیبهای ملایم داشتند. از 32 رخداد بارندگی طی دوره مطالعاتی، تعداد پنج رخداد منجر به تشکیل رواناب در کرتها شد. روند مثبتی بین مقدار تولید رواناب و شدت بارندگی وجود نداشت. این موضوع نشان دهنده نقش ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک مانند محتوای رطوبت اولیه در تولید رواناب در کرتها است. همچنین بین رخدادهای بارندگی که منجر به تولید رواناب در کرتها گردید، تفاوت معنیداری مشاهده شد. در اراضی با شدت بارندگی کمتر و سرعت نفوذپذیری بیشتر خاک، توان تولید رواناب کمتر بود. تولید رواناب به طور قابل توجهی تحت تأثیر درجه شیب (01/0>p ، 51/0r =)، ماده آلی (01/0>p ، 51/0r =) و آهک (01/0>p ، 51/0r =) قرار داشت. این مطالعه نقش ویژگیهای خاک و درجه شیب در مقدار تولید رواناب در مراتع را نشان میدهد. بنابراین حفظ پوشش گیاهی میتواند باعث افزایش حفظ آب و بهبود محتوای ماده آلی و در نتیجه کاهش تولید رواناب شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
ویژگیهای خاک؛ پوشش گیاهی؛ شدت باران؛ ماده آلی | ||
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