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تأثیر تنک خوشه خرما بر برخی ویژگیهای فیزیکی، فیزیولوژیکی، عناصر معدنی و عارضه خشکیدگی خوشه خرما در منطقه بم | ||
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک | ||
دوره 8، شماره 4، اسفند 1399، صفحه 197-207 اصل مقاله (1.14 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
حکیمه استوارزاده1؛ عباس صمدی* 2؛ ابراهیم سپهر3 | ||
1دانشگاه ارومیه/ارومیه/ایران | ||
2استادگروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگا ه ارومیه | ||
3دانشگاه ارومیه، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه خاکشناسی | ||
چکیده | ||
عارضه خشکیدگی خوشه خرما یکی از مشکلات مهم نخلستانهای ایران است که کمیت و کیفیت میوه خرما را تحت تأثیر قرار میدهد. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی تاثیر تنک خوشه به عنوان یک عامل مدیریتی بر روی عارضه خشکیدگی خوشه خرما و ویژگیهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی میوههای خرمای رقم مضافتی بود. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی انجام شد. چهار تیمار تنک خوشه اعمال شد که شامل: T1، کوتاه کردن یک سوم کل خوشکها از نوک انتهایی در مرحله گرده افشانی (1/3 tippol)؛ T2، برداشتن یک سوم کل خوشکها در مرحله کیمری (1/3 skim)؛ T3،کوتاه کردن یک سوم کل خوشکها از نوک انتهایی در مرحله کیمری (1/3 tipkim)؛ T4، برداشت کامل برخی خوشهها (روش سنتی کشاورزان به عنوان شاهد) بودند. برخی ویژگیهای فیزیکی (درصد خوشه خشکیده، درصد میوه خشکیده، وزن میوه، طول و قطر میوه)، فیزیولوژیکی (میزان پرولین و کربوهیدرات کل، فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و گایاکل پراکسیداز میوه خرما) و شیمیایی (مقدار پتاسیم و فسفر میوه خرما) نخلهای خرما اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که درصد خوشهها و میوههای خشکیده در تیمارهای تنک 1/3 tippol و 1/3 skim در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد؛ به طور معنیداری (p ≤0.05)کاهش یافت. در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد؛ تیمارهای 1/3 tippolو 1/3 skim به طور معنیداری (p ≤0.05) باعث افزایش وزن (%30)، قطر (%30)، میزان پرولین (%69)، فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (SOD) (%90) و پتاسیم (K) (%13) میوه خرما شدند. میتوان نتیجهگیری کرد تیمارهای تنک 1/3 tippol و1/3 skim به طور قابل ملاحظهای عارضه خشکیدگی خوشه خرما را کاهش دادند. کوتاه کردن یک سوم کل خوشکها از نوک انتهایی در مرحله گرده افشانی به علت همزمانی گرده افشانی و تنک، به نخلداران منطقه توصیه میگردد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آنتی اکسیدانها؛ تنک؛ عارضه خشکیدگی خوشه خرما؛ نخل خرما | ||
مراجع | ||
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