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روشهای اصلاح آلودگی آرسنیک در آب و خاک | ||
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک | ||
دوره 8، شماره 4، اسفند 1399، صفحه 69-84 اصل مقاله (1.13 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
ابراهیم سپهر* 1؛ محمد علی شیری آذر2 | ||
1دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
2ایران، ارومیه، دانشگاه ارومیه، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه علوم خاک | ||
چکیده | ||
آرسنیک یک عامل سرطانزا است که وجود آن در منابع آبی و خاکی در غلظتهای بیشتر از حد قابلقبول یک تهدید زیستمحیطی تلقی میشود. آلودگی آب و خاک به آرسنیک، مهمترین مسیر ورود آن به چرخه غذایی انسان است. آرسنیک در محیط زیست به شکلهای آلی و معدنی وجود دارد و سمیت شکلهای معدنی به علت حلالیت و تحرک بالای آنها بیشتر است. آرسنیک در خاک معمولاً به شکل جذبشده به سطوح ذرات خاک بهویژه اکسی هیدروکسیدهای آهن و به عنوان جزئی از کانیهای خاک وجود دارد که پایداری و تحرک آنها تابع شرایط محیطی از قبیل pH، Eh و وجود یونهای رقابت کننده است. روشهای سمیت زدایی آرسنیک از آب و خاک به سه نوع فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی تقسیم میشوند. کمهزینه بودن، دوستدار محیطزیست، عدم تولید بقایای سمی، گونهبندی آرسنیک و عملیات اجرایی آسان از عوامل تأثیرگذار در انتخاب نوع روش است. در این مقاله مقدار و عوامل تعیینکننده غلظت و گونهبندی آرسنیک در آب، خاک و روش جزءبندی آرسنیک در خاک مرور میشود. در ادامه روشهای حذف و سمیت زدایی آرسنیک از آبوخاک با تأکید بر روشهای جذب و نامتحرک سازی آن با استفاده از موادی با منشأ طبیعی، فراوانی زیاد، غیر آلاینده بودن و دارای ظرفیت بالای جذب مرور میشود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آرسنیک؛ سمیت؛ اکسی هیدروکسیدهای آهن؛ جذب | ||
مراجع | ||
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