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تاثیر کشت و کار بر برخی ویژگیهای زیستی خاک: مطالعه موردی در استان آذربایجان غربی، ایران | ||
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک | ||
مقاله 1، دوره 8، شماره 3، آذر 1399، صفحه 96-108 اصل مقاله (899.88 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
دلنیا باپیری1؛ حبیب خداوردیلو2؛ محسن برین* 3؛ یوبرت قوستا4 | ||
1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم خاک، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
2دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
3استادیار | ||
4- دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
چکیده | ||
ارزیابیهای گوناگون نشان دادهاند که عملیات کشاورزی میتواند پیامدهای زیانبار بر کیفیت خاکها داشته باشد. بنابراین، آگاهی از کیفیت خاک در عرصههای کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، برای مدیریت بهینه زمینها و رسیدن به بیشینه بهرهوری اقتصادی، امری ضروری است. در این پژوهش، تاثیر دراز مدت مدیریتهای مرسوم کشاورزی در سه منطقه در استان آذربایجان غربی شامل زیوه، نازلو و سیرداغی با خصوصیات و ویژگیهای رطوبتی مختلف بودند. از هر منطقه، چهار نمونه خاک (شامل دو نمونه خاک تحت کشت و دو نمونه خاک غیرزراعی همجوار آنها بهعنوان شاهد) برداشت و بر برخی ویژگیهای زیستی و شیمیایی خاک بررسی گردید. مقادیر تنفس پایه، تنفس ناشی از سوبسترا، زیست توده میکروبی، جمعیت میکروبی و جمعیت نماتدها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که کشت و کار در مناطق مورد بررسی، پارامترهای تنفس پایه، تنفس ناشی از سوبسترا، جمعیت میکروبی و جمعیت نماتدها را کاهش داد. همچنین، در کاربری غیر زراعی، مقادیر تنفس پایه (25/1، 1/1 و 75/1) و تنفس ناشی از سوبسترا (8/1، 2/2 و 4/1) به تفکیک مناطق مورد مطالعه (به ترتیب سیرداغی، نازلو و زیوه) نسبت به مناطق زراعی افزایش نشان داد. بطوریکه در خاک با کاربری غیر زراعی در منطقه سیرداغی، مقادیر تنفس پایه، تنفس ناشی از سوبسترا، شاخص قابلیت دسترسی به کربن و جمعیت نماتدها بهترتیب 25/1، 8/1، 6/1 و 28/3 برابر بیشتر از کاربری زراعی بود. بطور کلی میتوان نتیجه گرفت که عملیات کشت و کار غیرعلمی و عدم افزایش مواد آلی، سبب افت ویژگیهای زیستی، و در دراز مدت، کاهش کیفیت خاک را به دنبال خواهد داشت. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تنفس خاک؛ کیفیت خاک؛ تخریب خاک؛ زمینهای بایر؛ زمینهای تحت کشت | ||
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