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ارزیابی اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی از مرتع به گندم دیم بر ویژگیهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک با استفاده از شاخص کیفیت خاک | ||
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک | ||
دوره 8، شماره 2، شهریور 1399، صفحه 201-213 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
زهرا کرمی؛ زاهد شریفی* | ||
گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان | ||
چکیده | ||
چکیده فعالیتهای کشاورزی به ویژه گندم دیم یکی از عوامل اصلی تخریب مراتع طبیعی در غرب ایران است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر درازمدت تغییر کاربری مرتع به گندم دیم (40 سال) بر برخی ویژگیهای خاک در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی سارال واقع در استان کردستان انجام شد. نمونههای خاک از عمق صفر تا 25 سانتیمتری به صورت تصادفی جمعآوری شدند. برخی از ویژگیهای خاک شامل بافت خاک، جرم مخصوص ظاهری، میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانهها، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، هدایت الکتریکی، pH، کربنات کلسیم معادل، کربن آلی و نیتروژن کل و همچنین میزان قابل دسترس عناصر منیزیم، کلسیم، پتاسیم، فسفر، نیترات و آمونیوم اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که تغییر کاربری از مرتع بکر به زمین کشاورزی سبب کاهش معنیدار کیفیت خاک در مورد تمامی شاخصهای مورد بررسی، به غیر از جرم مخصوص ظاهری، کربنات کلسیم معادل، فسفر، منیزیم، آمونیوم و نیترات شد. تعیین شاخص کیفیت خاک (SQI) با استفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل مؤلفههای اصلی (PCA) نشان داد که کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل، رس و سیلت در حدود 90 درصد واریانس کل را به خود اختصاص دادهاند، که به عنوان مجموعه حداقل دادهها در محاسبه SQIانتخاب شدند. نتایج شاخص SQI نشان داد که میزان این شاخص در مرتع بکر (58/1) به طور چشمگیری بیشتر از زمین زراعی (72/0) است، که نشان دهنده تخریب کیفیت خاک در نتیجه عملیات کشت و کار است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تغییر کاربری زمین؛ شاخص کیفیت خاک؛ مجموعه حداقل دادهها؛ ویژگیهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک | ||
مراجع | ||
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