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اثر بیوچار تهیه شده از بقایای کشاورزی در دماهای متفاوت بر برخی ویژگیهای شیمیایی یک خاک آهکی و غلظت سدیم و پتاسیم در گیاه ذرت (Zea mays) | ||
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک | ||
مقاله 13، دوره 7، شماره 3، آذر 1398، صفحه 164-179 اصل مقاله (882.68 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
نرجس سوسرائی1؛ مجتبی بارانی* 2؛ اسماعیل دردی پور3؛ فرهاد خرمالی4 | ||
1علوم خاک دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان | ||
2حاصلخیزی و تغذیه | ||
3شیمی و حاصلخیزی خاک | ||
4استاد علوم خاک گرگان | ||
چکیده | ||
بیوچار یک ماده جامد غنی از کربن است که حاصل حرارت دهی زیست تودههای گیاهی و بقایای کشاورزی در شرایط اکسیژن محدود میباشد. اثرات بیوچار در خاک بستگی به دمای گرماکافت و نوع ماده اولیه مورد استفاده در تولید بیوچار دارد. بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر بیوچار حاصل از بقایای کشاورزی در دماهای متفاوت گرماکافت بر ویژگیهای خاک، وضعیت کاتیونها و آنیونهای خاک و غلظت سدیم و پتاسیم در گیاه ذرت، آزمایشی گلخانهای بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در 4 تکرار به اجرا درآمد. تیمارها شامل نوع بیوچار (بیوچارهای بقایای برنج، بقایای پنبه و بقایای کلزا)، دمای گرماکافت (350 و 700 درجه سلسیوس) و مقدار بیوچار (0، 2 و 5 درصد وزنی/وزنی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که همه بیوچارها سبب افزایش قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی خاک شدند. حداقل مقدار pH در خاک در تیمار بیوچار تهیه شده از بقایای برنج و بیشترین pH در خاک در تیمار بیوچار تولید شده از پنبه بهدست آمد. افزایش دمای گرماکافت از 350 به 700 درجه سلسیوس سبب افزایش معنیدار pH در خاک شد. بیشترین مقادیر سدیم، کلسیم، منیزیم، کلر و بیکربنات در خاک در دمای 350 درجه سلسیوس بهدست آمد. بیشترین مقدار سدیم در برگ و ساقه ذرت در تیمار بیوچار حاصل از بقایای برنج بهدست آمد درحالیکه در مورد پتاسیم برگ و ساقه، بیوچار تهیه شده از بقایای کلزا بیشترین افزایش را داشت. دمای تولید بیوچار تنها بر مقدار سدیم برگ اثر معنیداری در سطح 5% داشت. دمای گرماگافت و نوع ماده خام اولیه فاکتورهای مهمی هستند که ویژگیهای شیمیایی بیوچار و متعاقب آن ویژگیهای خاک را متأثر میسازد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
: بقایای گیاهی؛ کاتیون های خاک؛ آنیون های خاک؛ زغال زیستی؛ گرماکافت | ||
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