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تأثیرکوتاه مدت خاکورزی حفاظتی و گیاه پوششی کلزا بر برخی شاخصهای زیستی کیفیت خاک و عملکرد آفتابگردان در منطقه دستجرد (همدان) | ||
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 7، شماره 1، خرداد 1398، صفحه 16-30 اصل مقاله (909.66 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
شیلان فعله گری1؛ محسن نائل* 2؛ جواد حمزه ئی3؛ علی اکبر صفری سنجانی2 | ||
1دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بو علی سینا همدان. | ||
2گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بو علی سینا همدان | ||
3گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بو علی سینا همدان | ||
چکیده | ||
مطالعه شاخصهای زیستی کیفیت خاک اهمیت و کاربرد زیادی در ارزیابی پایداری اکولوژیک بوم نظامهای زراعی دارند. این آزمایش، با هدف بررسی تأثیر چهار سالهی روشهای مختلف خاکورزی (بدون خاکورزی، خاکورزی حداقل و خاکورزی مرسوم) در شرایط حضور و عدم حضور گیاه پوششی کلزا بر برخی شاخصهای کیفیت خاک و عملکرد آفتابگردان در منطقه دستجرد همدان اجرا شد؛ آزمایش با آرایش فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تمامی ویژگیهای مورد بررسی شامل کربن آلی، فراهمی فسفر، تنفس میکروبی، فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز، فعالیت آنزیم پروتئاز و عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان بهطور معنیداری (در سطح 1 درصد) تحت تأثیر تیمارهای خاکورزی و گیاه پوششی قرار گرفتند، برهمکنش خاکورزی و گیاه پوششی برای کربن آلی و آنزیم فسفاتاز در سطح 1 درصد معنیدار شد، اما برای دیگر شاخص-های مورد مطالعه معنیدار نبود. در تیمار خاکورزی حداقل+گیاه پوششی میزان کربن آلی 5/2 و تنفس میکروبی 5/1 برابر نسبت به تیمار خاکورزی مرسوم+بدون گیاه پوششی (شاهد) افزایش داشت؛ این افزایش برای سایر شاخصها نیز مشاهده شد (فسفر فراهم 80 درصد، فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز 59 درصد، آنزیم پروتئاز 84 درصد و عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان 34 درصد). بعد از تیمار خاکورزی حداقل+گیاه پوششی، در تیمار بدون خاکورزی+گیاه پوششی بیشترین مقدار شاخصهای کیفیت خاک و عملکرد دانه اندازهگیری شد. اعمال تیمارهای خاکورزی حداقل و کشت گیاه پوششی کلزا موجب افزایش ذخایر مواد آلی، فعالیت زیستی خاک و عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان گردید. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
کیفیت خاک؛ خاکورزی؛ گیاه پوششی؛ فعالیت آنزیمی؛ تنفس میکروبی | ||
مراجع | ||
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