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مقایسه میزان رسوب در رواناب و زهآب در دو شیب و پوشش گیاهی متفاوت | ||
تحقیقات کاربردی خاک | ||
مقاله 9، دوره 6، شماره 4، اسفند 1397، صفحه 109-120 اصل مقاله (839.32 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
ساناز غنی زاده1؛ آزاده صفادوست* 2؛ محسن نائل3؛ گلایه یوسفی4 | ||
1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه بوعلی سینا | ||
2هیآت علمی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان | ||
3هیات علمی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا | ||
4کارشناس آزمایشگاه خاکشناسی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا | ||
چکیده | ||
نوع پوشش گیاهی و شیب زمین دو عامل تعیینکننده در شدت فرسایش آب و خاک میباشند. اگر چه پژوهشهای متعددی در رابطه با تأثیر شیب و یا پوشش گیاهی بر فرسایش خاک انجام شده است، ولی مطالعهای در رابطه با مقایسه اثر آنها بر میزان رسوب در رواناب و زهآب گزارش نشده است. هدف از این مطالعه، مقایسه میزان رسوب در رواناب و زهآب تحت تأثیر نوع کشت (گندم و یونجه) و شیب (5% و 20%) در یک خاک لومشنی بود. آزمایشها با استفاده از جعبههای خاک، با ابعاد 100 سانتیمتر طول، 30 سانتیمتر عرض و 25 سانتیمتر ارتفاع که دارای یک خروجی برای زهآب و یک خروجی برای رواناب بود، و از خاک پر شده بودند در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که پوشش گیاهی متراکمتر (یونجه نسبت به گندم) بهطور قابلتوجهی میزان فرسایش خاک را کاهش میدهد. بهطوریکه در کشت یونجه، رسوب در زهآب و رواناب، کمتر از گندم مشاهده شد. همچنین نتایج حاصله نشان داد که تولید رسوب در رواناب و زهآب با شیب تغییر نشان میدهد؛ بهطوریکه تحت دو کشت گندم و یونجه، در رواناب رسوب بیشتری در شیب 20% مشاهده شد، در حالیکه در زهآب، رسوب بیشتری در شیب 5% مشاهده گردید. وجود رسوب کمتر بعد از 60 دقیقه از شروع بارندگی در رواناب را میتوان به تشکیل سله سطحی که سبب افزایش رواناب و کاهش رسوب میگردد، نسبت داد. اگر چه شیب و پوشش سطحی اثر معنیداری بر میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه نداشت، ولی مقدار آن تحت کشت یونجه بیشتر بود که میتواند به دلیل تأثیر کاهشی پوشش گیاهی بر فرسایش باشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پوشش گیاهی؛ سله سطحی؛ رسوب؛ میانگین وزنی قطر | ||
مراجع | ||
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