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khastoo, Yalda, Ahmadi, Hojjat, hemmati, mohammad, nourani, Bahram. (1404). Numerical Study on the Optimal Location of Drain in Non-Homogeneous Earth Dams with a Clay Blanket over Permeable Foundations. پژوهش های میوه کاری, 1(2), 12-21. doi: 10.30466/jwec.2025.56676.1008
Yalda khastoo; Hojjat Ahmadi; mohammad hemmati; Bahram nourani. "Numerical Study on the Optimal Location of Drain in Non-Homogeneous Earth Dams with a Clay Blanket over Permeable Foundations". پژوهش های میوه کاری, 1, 2, 1404, 12-21. doi: 10.30466/jwec.2025.56676.1008
khastoo, Yalda, Ahmadi, Hojjat, hemmati, mohammad, nourani, Bahram. (1404). 'Numerical Study on the Optimal Location of Drain in Non-Homogeneous Earth Dams with a Clay Blanket over Permeable Foundations', پژوهش های میوه کاری, 1(2), pp. 12-21. doi: 10.30466/jwec.2025.56676.1008
khastoo, Yalda, Ahmadi, Hojjat, hemmati, mohammad, nourani, Bahram. Numerical Study on the Optimal Location of Drain in Non-Homogeneous Earth Dams with a Clay Blanket over Permeable Foundations. پژوهش های میوه کاری, 1404; 1(2): 12-21. doi: 10.30466/jwec.2025.56676.1008

Numerical Study on the Optimal Location of Drain in Non-Homogeneous Earth Dams with a Clay Blanket over Permeable Foundations

Water and Environmental Challenges
دوره 1، شماره 2، دی 2025، صفحه 12-21    اصل مقاله (844.59 K)
نوع مقاله: Research Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30466/jwec.2025.56676.1008
نویسندگان
Yalda khastoo* 1؛ Hojjat Ahmadi2؛ mohammad hemmati2؛ Bahram nourani3
1Daneshkadeh Street, First Alley, towards Ma’navi Alley, Engineers Building, Unit 24
2West Azerbaijan – Urmia – Urmia University – Water Engineering Group
3East Azerbaijan – Tabriz – 29 Bahman Boulevard – Imam Khomeini Street – University of Tabriz
چکیده
This study numerically investigated the seepage behavior of a non-homogeneous earth dam equipped with a pipe drain and a clay blanket over a permeable foundation. A total of 324 two-dimensional seepage models were simulated using SEEP/W, with independent variables including the anisotropy ratio (K_y/K_x=0.5,1,1.5), drain position (horizontal X_L=7,11,15,19" " mand vertical Y_L=18.5,20,21.5" " m), clay blanket length (L=17,34,51" " m), and drain diameter (d=0.1,0.2,0.3" " m). Multiple regression analyses showed that the developed models for total seepage discharge, drain discharge, and downstream outflow had strong statistical performance, with coefficients of determination of R^2=0.978, R^2=0.756, and R^2=0.809, respectively. The results indicated that the vertical drain position had the most significant negative effect on collected seepage, while the horizontal position had a positive effect. The anisotropy ratio and drain diameter showed no significant influence within the tested range. From a hydraulic perspective, installing the pipe drain lowered the phreatic surface, reduced pore-water pressures near the downstream toe, and decreased the exit gradient, improving hydraulic stability. Increasing the clay blanket length significantly reduced seepage, but further increase beyond a certain limit provided only marginal improvement. Overall, the clay blanket length and vertical drain depth were identified as the most critical parameters for optimal seepage control in non-homogeneous earth dams.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Non-homogeneous earth dam؛ pipe drain؛ clay blanket؛ seepage؛ SEEP/W
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